Changing bodies


adrian williams

June 14th, 2010

Consultant neurologist Professor Adrian Williams of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham has radical ideas about the impact of ageing on the human brain.

Ageing, he suggests, is down to energy trade-offs that prioritise growth, development, reproduction and informatics which then take their toll later on; ageing diseases can therefore be thought of as the ‘side effects’ within a thermodynamically run environment  . . . If this is so, will therefore better redox husbandry make us potentially immortal?

Adrian Williams has been the Professor of Clinical Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Birmingham since 1989. Previously he trained at Cambridge, National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, London and NIH Bethesda. He has written several books, including co-authoring Parkinsons: The ‘At Your Fingertips’ Guide. His work on using implants (a kind of brain ‘pacemaker’, and deep brain stimulation inf the treatment of Parkinson’s was recently widely reported. See also the BBC report of this research trial.

In his research work, Professor Williams has recently rediscovered descriptions of Pellagra and its many manifestations including premature ageing and parkinsonism and reinterpreted some aspects of its pathogenesis such as the excess infection rate with NADH supplying symbionts. He first described MPTP poisoning causing Parkinsonism in 1979 and is interested in xenobiotic biochemistry in particular the nicotinamide methylation path and more generally in the evolutionary origins of disease.

janet lord

June 14th, 2010

We don’t believe ill-health is an inevitable part of growing old, says Janet Lord, Professor of Immune Cell Biology at the University of Birmingham.

That one in five of the population will be aged over 65 by the year 2020 is a cause for celebration, but not for complacency. Some 25% of longevity is determined by genetics, leaving 75% available to be influenced by other factors. Influencing these other factors is key to having a fun and productive old age.

Professor Lord’s work is in understanding our immune system in sickness and in health. She is particularly interested in why our immune system deteriorates as we age making us more susceptible to infections such as pneumoina. However, this interest in immune function extends into developing treatments for a range of diseases that involve the ageing immune system, particularly chronic inflammatory disease (Rheumatoid Arthritis).

roslyn bill

June 14th, 2010

Membrane proteins are crucial drug targets in a wide range of diseases. But, because they’re not naturally abundant, explains Roslyn Bill, a Reader in Molecular Biosciences at Aston University, synthetically generated membrane proteins are what’s needed.

Her research and that of her team (see left) is to find effective and efficient ways to synthesise these synthetic proteins in ‘cell factories’, simple host cells which can be grown on a large scale.

Dr Bill was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Michigan after gaining a First and a PhD at Oxford University, where she also did post-doc work. She was also an Assistant Professor at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden where she was a start-up shareholder in Gotha Yeast Solutions AB before she came to Aston University.

Her research interests are in understanding the molecular features defining successful protein production in yeasts, with an emphasis on membrane proteins such as water and glycerol channels, tetraspanins and G protein-coupled receptors. Many of these membrane proteins are potential drug targets. Her work is funded by EPSRC, BBSRC and the European Commission and she has worked in collaboration with industrial partners throughout her career, as her research is central to progress in the drug discovery pipeline.

tony smith

June 14th, 2010

We’re entering a new era in dental treatments because of revolutionary new understanding of the biological processes underlying oral and dental diseases. And this new understanding, say Professors Iain Chapple and Tony Smith both of whom work at the School of Dentistry at the University of Birmingham, is leading to targeted biological approaches to dentistry which have the potential to dramatically improve both diagnosis and treatment.

Tony Smith is Professor of Oral Biology at the University of Birmingham (College of Medical and Dental Science).  He is also a IADR Distinguished Scientist Award winner.

iain chapple

June 14th, 2010

We’re entering a new era in dental treatments because of revolutionary new understanding of the biological processes underlying oral and dental diseases. And this new understanding, say Professors Iain Chapple and Tony Smith both of whom work at the School of Dentistry at the University of Birmingham, is leading to targeted biological approaches to dentistry which have the potential to dramatically improve both diagnosis and treatment.

Iain Chapple is Professor and Head of Periodontology and Consultant in Restorative Dentistry at Birmingham Dental School. He leads a Periodontal Research team active in the investigation of the pathobiological aspects of periodontal disease and mechanistic links between periodontal inflammation and systemic inflammatory diseases. He has a strong interest in free radical and antioxidant biology.

chris buckley

June 13th, 2010

Imagine waking up and feeling so much pain and stiffness in your joints that every movement is agony . . . but even your consultant rheumatologist tells you s/he doesn’t yet know which type of arthritis you have.

Chris Buckley is one such consultant rheumatologist as well as being Professor of Rheumatology at the University of Birmingham. His work and that of his colleagues, Andrew Filer and Karim Raza, leads him to suggest, however, soon they will be able to create and manage individualised treatments for each patient, such as currently occurs for patients with some kinds of cancer.

Professor Buckley received his MBBS from the University of London in 1990, having obtained a degree in biochemsitry from the University of Oxford in 1985. He trained in rheumatology at the Hammersmith Hospital with Mark Walport (currently Director of the Wellcome Trust) and Dorian Haskard, and then completed a DPhil with David Simmons at the Institute of Molecular Medicine at Oxford in 1996 . He then moved to the Rheumatology Unit in Birmingham as a Wellcome Trust Clinician Scientist and in 2001 was appointed as MRC Senior Clinical Fellow at the Division of Immunity and Infection at the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation. He was appointed Professor of Rheumatology in 2002.

His current research focus is an analysis of mechanisms of leukocyte accumulation in chronic inflammation.

helen griffiths

June 13th, 2010

The payoff against an increase in life span has been than health span does not necessarily follow suit, says Helen Griffiths, Aston University’s Professor in Biomedical Sciences and Acting Director of Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing.

Before, many people died suddenly from infection. Nowadays, however, women will typically experience the last 9.1 with chronic, debilitating illness, and men 6.8 years. But the routes to solve the puzzle of ageing are being mapped.

Professor Griffiths’ research interests are proteomic approaches to biomarker determination, and the interplay between lips/sphingolipids and reactive oxygen spaces in inflammataion and ageing.

She won the 1st Catherine Pasquier Prize from the European Society for Free Radical Research, and the Aston Excellence Award in 2009 for Outstanding Researcher of the Year.

gina rippon

June 5th, 2010

Imagine being able to make running repairs to the brain itself . . . Gina Rippon is Professor of Cognitive Neuroimaging at Aston University, and is acutely aware of the possibilities of this, and of the very plasticity of our brains.

Her research involves the application of brain imaging techniques, particularly electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG), to studies of normal and abnormal cognitive processes, most recently in the study of Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Professor Rippon is one of the panelists for the British Science Festival event on 15th September 2010, chaired by broadcaster Sue Beardsmore. Please do come, or participate on-line — more information about how to do so will be posted shortly.