Posts Tagged ‘Warwick University’

jack cohen

June 23rd, 2010

The ‘folk knowledge’ of our biological inheritance is that uncommon mutations explain diversity, and that’s why we’re different from each other. But this isn’t so. Moreover, it doesn’t begin to explain phenotypic inheritance — why it is that off-spring are like parents, how it is that when you find an old photo of Great Grandmama you notice you have her smile, hold your head in exactly the same way . . .

Internationally renown reproductive biologist, adviser on science fiction aliens, and prolific author Professor Jack Cohen has a lifetime’s work in seeking to understand how it all happens.

The triumphs of neo-Darwinism combining with Mendel’s results, later explained by chromosomes and later DNA has, he says, explained a great deal about inbred populations. But real, wild genomes – the ones that have made you and Jack Cohen and nearly every organism on the planet require new explanations . . . explanations that look likely to be made in the next couple of decades.

Dr Jack Cohen is Honorary Professor of Mathematics at Warwick University, and a Fellow of the Institute of Biology. A now-retired reproductive biologist, he published widely in academic journals. He has also written several books, and co-authored Collapse of Chaos and Figments of Reality with Professor Ian Stewart with whom he has also written several science fiction novels. Cohen and Stewart teamed with Terry Pratchett to write three Science of Discworld books.

When Terry Pratchett received an Hon DLitt from Warwick, he returned the compliment, creating Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart Honorary Wizards of the Unseen University.

rebecca cain

June 23rd, 2010

Most humans, like other primates, are highly visual animals. Sounds, however, is an important sensory input to how we ‘see’ and navigate our lives. And too much noise,we become disorientated, anxious, even angry — and with due cause, as it can damage our hearing irreparably.

But by sticking to the current paradigm of noise control, says Dr Rebecca Cain, we’re actually missing a trick. What’s desirable in our soundscapes has had little impact on quantitative engineering acoustics. Intriguingly, it seems it’s not really the sound itself that people respond to, but what that sound represents.

Dr Cain is a Senior Research Fellow in the Experiential Engineering Group, in Warwick Manufacturing Group at the University of Warwick.

Originally trained as an industrial designer, she now works across multi-disciplinary teams to connect engineering to real people. Her research interests are in how humans’ subjective reactions to products and environments can be communicated in a meaningful way to scientists and engineers.

Applications from her research are in urban soundscapes, automotive design and healthcare environment design.

laura green

June 21st, 2010

Scientists may spend a lot of time thinking, but their thoughts — and their actions — are always grounded in a very real practicality. And perhaps none more evidently so than scientists engaged in the production of food from farmed animals.

Think of the breathing, watchful bulk of cows grazing, for example, or the gregarious grunt-snuffles of pigs at the trough, or white-blobs-on-fells that turn out when closer to be sheep. Professor Laura Green‘s aim is to reduce clinical impact of endemic infectious diseases of farmed animals such as these, knowing we can further our understanding of infectious disease processes through data collection, careful analysis, modeling and interpretation in a biological framework.

Gone are the days when we believed we could produce low cost food at any price, including poor animal health. It’s now possible to monitor, for example, a dairy cow all its life. And the sheer volume of data such monitoring from so many sources is overwhelming.

This means moving from a reductionist approach for researchers such as Professor Green, to an assimilatory one. With developments in communication, data capture, storage and processing, it will be possible to address increasingly complex problems; see, for example, the Lame Cow Project she’s involved in.

Professor Laura Green is an epidemiologist in the Department of Biological Sciences at Warwick University. She leads multidisciplinary teams to reduce the clinical impact of endemic infectious diseases of farmed animals.  Of current interest are three research projects  on the control of footrot in sheep; one combines laboratory studies of persistence of D. nodosus, the causal organism, and mathematical modeling of persistence, one is investigating a novel approach to treatment and control in a clinical trial and one is on technology transfer to the sheep industry.

For all research work at Warwick University on infectious disease epidemiology of livestock, including foot and mouth, see here.

elizabeth oliver-jones

June 21st, 2010

The case for blue skies research is made passionately by Elizabeth Oliver-Jones in The New Optimists, and with due cause. Her particular research focuses around the study of early cell interactions in amphibians, about the little-known molecular mechanisms by which vertebrate embryos achieve the myriad complex patterns and cell types found in the adult animal.

Such work may seem a far cry from most of our lives, perhaps something even for the politician’s knife. But (and this is a big BUT), such seemingly esoteric research by Professor Oliver-Jones and other scientists on the Xenopus (a type of aquatic frog native to sub-Saharan Africa) has established gene expression and function in a number of human diseases such as colorectal cancer, and has also provided biochemical insight into important oncogenes. Indeed, her work on amphibians is important in understanding cell signalling, and in the relationships between genes and development in many other living organisms including ourselves.

Elizabeth Oliver-Jones is a Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Warwick. Her work is funded by the BBRSC and the Wellcome Trust, including £1.5M from the Wellcome Trust for a Xenopus Stock Centre, 2006-2011 with Dr Matt Guile at the University of Portsmouth.

david chandler

June 20th, 2010

“If history tells us anything, it tells us that our capacity for scientific discovery and invention runs far ahead of our ability to use knowledge and technology wisely,” so says Dr David Chandler, a Senior Research Scientist at the University of Warwick.

What we are learning from science, he continues, is just how deeply we are connected to each other and to the natural world. His research in controlling the impact of pests on our crops is complex — and literally vital to feeding the world’s population.

Agricultural production will have to increase significantly in the next decades to meet the demands of an expanding human population.  This needs to be done without causing further strain to the environment. Pests reduce the potential global yield of crops by 30 – 40%.  Therefore, improving pest control is a highly significant way of increasing access to food. The best way to achieve this is through Integrated Pest Management (IPM).  Biological control using entomopathogens can be a valuable component of IPM.

Dr Chandler, with a first degree in biology and a doctorate in mycology, is a microbiologist and entomologist, and conducts research into invertebrate microbial interactions. His main areas of interest are biological pest control, Integrated Pest Management, and bee health.

gemma calvert

June 20th, 2010

Professor Gemma Calvert in her contribution to The New Optimists raises the somewhat scary prospect of brain prostheses — but sometime ahead in the future.

Meanwhile recent developments in non-invasive techniques to ‘see’ inside the working brain will lead to many developments. Some hold very real promise of new understanding and therefore better treatment of mental illness. Others may lead to the design of devices that may even help the mute speak, the blind see and the lame work. We’re likely, too, to have better understanding of how to enable desired behaviour change, such as giving up smoking.

Professor Gemma Calvert is the Chair of Applied Neuroimaging at the Warwick Manufacturing Group. She began her career in the marketing and advertising industry, working for FKB-Carison (1987-1991) before returning to academe.  She has a Bachelors degree in Psychology from the LSE, and DPhil in Functional Brain Imaging from the University of Oxford where she subsequently established and directed a specialist neuroimaging lab until 2004.  Her unique career path led her to found the world’s first neuromarketing company, Neurosense Limited, in 1999 and she has over 15 years experience in the commercial application of modern brain imaging methods for marketing and manufacturing.

neil stewart

June 19th, 2010

Neil Stewart is a professor in the Psychology Department at Warwick University.

His particular research interests are in perception, mathematical psychology, and judgment and decision making.

He is co-author with Professor Gordon Brown and Alex Wood of Cognitive science and behavioural economics — showing us keys to happiness, their contribution to The New Optimists.

gordon brown

June 19th, 2010

The good news is that changing one’s behaviour can have great impact on our sense of well-being and general health, so says Warwick’s Professor Gordon Brown whose work is at the interface of economics and cognitive psychology.

Professor Brown, along with Neil Stewart and Alex Wood argue in The New Optimists that the focus will shift from mastery of the environment to mastery of our cognition. Money typically explains only 1-2% of individual differences in happiness. Thus improving national happiness may well be better achieved by a greater emphasis on preventing unemployment rather than increasing everyone’s income.

Professor Brown’s research interests in the computational and mathematical modelling of human timing and memory; categorisation, identification, and word recognition; and the interface between economic psychology, cognitive science, and psychophysics

david pink

June 19th, 2010

Scientists are tackling fundamental problems. One of these is population growth, with all the demands on the planet’s resources that will mean. If Professor David Pink is right, developments in crop science, building on the forethought of crop scientists in the last century, may well offer a solution to the problem of feeding the 9 billion of us likely to be alive in 2050.

He currently leads the Crop Improvement Group at Warwick carrying out a multidisciplinary crop improvement research programme in field vegetables (brassica, lettuce, leek and onion) and narcissus.

He has over 25 years experience in breeding research and his current interest is in the development of tools and resources to facilitate the improvement of economically important quantitative traits through the exploitation of natural variation found in older varieties and wild relatives of crops. His research is funded by Defra, BBSRC and industry.

David is a member of the scientific advisory committee of the British Beet Research Organisation, the Defra Plant Varieties and Seeds Tribunal panel, the production sub group of the Defra Fruit and Vegetable Task Force, the Rural Affairs Committee of the BBC, the Defra Sustainable Arable LINK project management committee and is Scientific Adviser to the Field Vegetable Panel of the HDC and a member of the BBSRC pool of expert assessors.

keith richards

June 9th, 2010

Dr Keith Richards edited and wrote the Introduction to The New Optimists: Scientists view tomorrow’s world and what it means to us.

A specialist in applied linguistics, Keith is in charge of graduate studies at the Centre of Applied Linguistics at the University of Warwick. As well as a distinguished academic and teaching career, he has also designed, developed and delivered learning programmes for industrial clients.

In his Introduction, he explains how he organised the essay collection into four parts, each comprising chapters related to the same broad theme, and within each chapter, he gathered the contributions themselves:

  • Part 1:  The Microcosm: Tackling the big challenges
    Chapter 1: Cancer
    Chapter 2: Changing bodies
  • Part 2:  The Macrocosm: Interacting with our world
    Chapter 3: Living in the natural world
    Chapter 4: Living in the virtual world
  • Part 3:  Transformations
    Chapter 5: Getting to the heart of things
    Chapter 6: Changing behaviour
  • Part 4:   The ways of science
    Chapter 7: Working together
    Chapter 8: Thinking differently
    Chapter 9: From where I stand